Questions from the parishioners of
St. Charles Borromeo Catholic
Church
Picayune, Mississippi
Q. How do you know that Jesus
is not St. Michael?
That Jesus was Michael
the Archangel is a teaching of the Jehovah's Witnesses who deny the Trinity
and that Jesus is God. The Witnesses base their belief on 1Thessalonians 4:16
"For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of
the archangel, and with the trumpet of God . . ." (KJV). The Bible does tell us
that St. Michael is
an angel. Jude 9 says "Yet Michael the archangel, when contending with the devil
. . . " (KJV). This same Holy Bible also tells us that Jesus is both God and
man.
"we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels for the
suffering of death, crowned with glory and honor; that he by the grace of God
should taste death for every man" (Hebrews 2:9, KJV). "Lord" is a term synonymous in Hebrew usage with God. At the same time he was
"made a little lower than the angels," he became man. We have here the hierarchy
of God, angels, man.
In the account of Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist, God
says of Jesus
while in Hebrews 1:5-6 (KJV) we read
If God calls Jesus "Son" but doesn't call any of the angels "Son" and at the
same time directs the angels to worship Jesus when He is walking upon this
earth, it is quite obvious that Jesus was not St. Michael the
Archangel but is in fact God incarnate.
Q. Was Jesus an only child? There are some who claim that Jesus was not an only child, that Mary had
children in addition to Jesus. Whether Jesus was an only child or whether He had
a dozen siblings really matters not a whit to them except that it attacks the
Catholic Church in what they consider to be the weak area, Marian doctrine. They
will cite such biblical passages as:
"Is this not the carpenter, the son of Mary, the brother of James, and
Joses and of Judah, and Simon? and are not his sisters here with us?" (Mark
6:3, KJV),
"For even his own brothers did not believe in him." (John 7:5, NIV),
"...with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren."
(Acts 1:14, KJV),
". . . and the Lord's brothers . . . " (1 Corinthians 9:5, NIV); or
"But he had no union with her until she gave birth to a son" (Matthew 1:25,
NIV). The Church teaches us that Mary was perpetually a virgin and this is what we
affirm every time we recite the Confiteor (Penitential Rite) ". . . and I ask
the blessed Mary, ever virgin . . ." The perpetual virginity of Mary has been
defended by the Church since the 4th century when St. Athanasius wrote in his
Discourses Against the Aryans (A.D. 358-362): "He took true human flesh
from the Ever-Virgin Mary." Pope St. Siricius defended the teaching in 392, and
the fifth ecumenical council (Constantinople II) in 553 gave Mary the title
"perpetual virgin."
Why the difference? It comes with the fact that almost twenty centuries have
passed since the books of the Bible were written and customs have changed, along
with the fact that some people read into the texts meanings which were not
intended. First century customs cannot be interpreted with twentieth century
values.
In the first case, what was the custom for calling someone your brother,
sister, or using the collective term of brethren? In Genesis 14:14 (KJV) Lot is
called Abraham's brother but Genesis 11:27 tells us that Lot was the son of
Haran, Abraham's brother. This shows that the terms were used to include
cousins; but they were not even limited to close relatives (see Deuteronomy 23:7
and Jeremiah 34:9 for examples). Why was this? Neither Hebrew nor Aramaic (the
language spoken by Jesus and the Apostles) had a special word for cousin.
Instead, the words brother, sister, brethren were commonly used. The writers of
the New Testament, although writing in Greek, were raised in the Hebrew
tradition and kept to this tradition as they were writing primarily to other
Jewish Christians. Acts 2:46 illustrates that these Jewish Christians went to
temple in addition to worshiping together.
Now let's go back to Mark 6:3 where the ‘brothers' of Jesus are named and
consider James and Joses. Compare the descriptions of the women at the foot of
the cross in Matthew 27:56, Mark 15:40 and John 19:25. From this we find that
Mary the mother of James and Joses must be the wife of Cleophas. No one has ever
suggested that the Blessed Virgin remarried, especially since Jesus entrusted
her care to John. Similar arguments can be made for the other ‘brethren'.
Let's go on to Matthew 1:25 and find the meaning of ‘until' (or ‘till' in
some translations). "He knew her not until she brought forth her firstborn son"
doesn't necessarily mean that he knew her after the event took place. For
example, in 2 Samuel 6:23 we find the line "Michal the daughter of Saul had not
children until the day of her death." Does this mean that she had children after
she died?
Sometimes someone will assert that since Jesus is referred to as the
"firstborn," others must have followed. This shows a misunderstanding of the use
of the term. Under Mosaic law, the "firstborn" son was to be sanctified (Exodus
34:20). This doesn't mean that the parents had to wait until a second son was
born. The first boy born was termed "firstborn" (the one who opened the womb)
even if he was an only child.
Finally, let's look at the Annunciation itself (Luke 1:28 and following).
Mary's response "How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?" (KJV) makes no
sense unless she had taken a vow to remain perpetually virgin. At this point in
her life, Mary is betrothed, which is by Jewish custom, married to Joseph; although they
have not yet taken up residence together, an event that took place after the
marriage feast. The angel Gabriel has just
told her that she will have a son, not that she is already pregnant. If she were
planning to have relations with Joseph after the marriage
feast, the likely result would be a child. Only if she had taken a vow of
perpetual virginity does her response make sense. Some say that such a vow would
result in an ‘unnatural' marriage. Is it ‘natural' to have a true virgin give
birth? Is it ‘natural' to have angels announce the birth of your child? Is it
‘natural' to raise the Son of God in your family? All these events are
supernatural.
Was Jesus an only child? In the biological sense, yes. In the spiritual
sense, Romans 8:15-17 tells us that we are adopted children of God and coheirs
with Christ if only we suffer with Him. Malachi 2:10 says "Have we not all one
father? Has not one God created us?" Suffice it to say that Jesus has millions
of ‘brethren'.
Suggested Reading:
Q. How do you know that
Mary had no other children?
Q. What tells us that Jesus doesn't have any
brothers?
Q. Doesn't the Bible teach that Jesus had siblings?
Catechism of
the Catholic Church, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994, paragraphs 496-507, 510
Keating, Karl, Catholicism
and Fundamentalism, Ignatius Press, San Francisco, CA, 1988, pages
282-289.
"Brethren of the
Lord", A Catholic Answers Tract, Catholic Answers, P.O. Box 17490, San
Diego, CA 92177.
"Does Greek prove
Jesus had Brothers?", This
Rock, The Magazine of Catholic Apologetics and Evangelization, May/June
1992, page 54.
"Keeping up with
the Jameses?", This Rock, The
Magazine of Catholic Apologetics and Evangelization, October 1992, page
29.